Put simply: independent morphemes CAN stand alone; dependent morphemes CAN’T stand alone. endotherm - a creature that can keep its inside temperature fairly constant; endocrine - relating to glands that secrete directly into the blood or lymph; endogamy - the custom to marry within one's clan, tribe etc. To end this confusion, we will look at two systems: 1. maternal - relating to motherhood; maternity - the state of being a mother; matriarch - a woman head of a household. bibliotheca-  a list or catalog of books; theme- a proposition for discussion or argument; thesis- a dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view. My point is that most of the independent roots that we deal with inside of the classroom are single-syllable words. These roots are usually Greek and Latin roots. abil handy-able handy, capable of. List of Greek and Latin roots in English 1 List of Greek and Latin roots in English The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in English. triangle - a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles; triathlon - an athletic contest with 3 events; tricycle - a 3-wheeI vehicle with pedals. circumspect - cautious, looking all around; retrospective - a looking back at past things; spectator - a person who sees an event. transcontinental - across the continent; transfer - to move from one place to another; transport - to carry something across a space. Using stems and roots allows students to unlock the meaning of those tough words, and make their best guess. [CDATA[ Let me research this. bilateral - of or involving two sides; unilateral - affecting one side of something. self-discipline - the ability to discipline yourself; self-respect - respect for yourself; selfish concerned only with your own interests. empathy - intention to feel like another person; empower - put into power; engorge - make larger. Acri: bitter (a… E.g. Roots preceded by a hyphen are suffixes, or roots generally used at the end of a word; for example, -idae is th thae suffit is addex d to the roots of generic names to form the names of families of animals, and -pus is the Greek root meanin thag foot its used at the end of a ; postpone - to put off doing something. macroevolution - large scale evolution; macromolecule - a large molecule; macroeconomics - study of the overall forces of economy. This lets me find teaching moments and ensures that I can answer my students’ questions clearly and consistently. digression - a departure from the main issue, subject; disappear - to move out of sight; dissect - to cut apart piece by piece. linguist - one who studies languages; multilingual - able to communicate in multiple languages; linguine - long, flat "tongue-shaped" pasta. Students also learn that BASE WORDS can stand alone as words when we remove all of the prefixes and suffixes. hexagon - a shape with six angles/sides; hexameter - a verse measured in six; hexapod - having six legs. ethnic - pertaining to a defined group of people; ethnocentric - focusing on the ethnicity of people; ethnology - the science of people and races. quarter - one fourth; quart - a fourth of a gallon; quartet - a musical composition or group involving 4 voices or instruments. has a Latin prefix (de-), you may choose to classify the word differently. The Traditional Root and Base-Word System for Kids unabridged - not shortened; unfair - opposite of fair; unfriendly - lacking friendliness. Root, stem, base Taken from: Bauer, Laurie (1983:20-21): English word-formation. For this reason, teachers can always use the term base instead of stem. It all begins with morphemes. gigabyte - unit of computer storage space; gigahertz - unit of frequency (one billion Hz/sec); gigawatt unit of electric power (one billion watts). Q Word: geography       Dependent Root: geo (earth)    Root: graph (write), Q Word: carnivore   Dependent Root: carn (flesh)   Dependent Root: vor (swallow), Q Word: cardiovascular   Dependent Root: cardi (heart)    Dependent Root: vas (vessel), Q Word: bathroom    Independent Root: bath    Independent Root: room, Q Word: downfall    Independent Root: down    Independent Root: fall, Q Word: popcorn    Independent Root: pop    Independent Root: corn. exceed - to go beyond the limits; recede - to go back; accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained; marina - a harbor for pleasure boats; maritime - relating to the sea; submarine - an undersea boat; aquamarine - color of sea water. contact - a state in which two things touch; tactile - relating to the sense of touch; tangible - able to be touched; intact - with nothing missing. Christian Lehmann, Roots, stems and word classes . euphemism - replacing an offensive word with an inoffensive one; euphonious - having a pleasant sound; euphoria - feeling of well-being. This is normally a single layer. Below the epidermis is the cortex. pyrotechnics - the art of making fireworks; pyrometer - a thermometer for measuring high temperature; pyretic - relating to or producing fever. I suspect that this is because modern linguistics has created a new meaning for the term base. vision - the ability to see; envision - to picture in the mind; evident - clearly visible. Q e.g., Word: kindness      Base Word: kind. Highlighted roots occur most frequently. Email us I suspect that spond is a Latin root. monochromat - having one color; monologue - a speech spoken by one person; monotheism - belief in one god. Keep in mind that teachers don’t need to teach their students this entire model. quintett - a composition for 5 voices or instruments; quintessence - pure essence, based on the ancient philosophy that there was a fifth element that was present in all things; quintuple - fivefold. liposuction - the mechanical removal of fat reserves in the tissue; lipase - enzyme that breaks down fat; lipoid - resembling fat. prelude - introduction to the major performance; illusion - misleading optical image or impression; delude - to mislead, deceive. logic - correct reasoning; monologue - a long speech by one speaker;analogy - similarity, especially between things otherwise dissimilar. lactate - to give milk, nurse; lactose - the sugar contained in milk; lactic acid. That’s how easily the Traditional System falls apart. chrysanthemum and amaranth - names of flowers; anthology - a collection of treasured writings; anthozoan - half plant, half animal, like anemones and corals. icon - an (often religious) image, in modern usage a simplified graphic of high symbolic content; iconology - science of symbols and icons; iconoclast - someone who destroys religious images and traditional beliefs. Super bowl - the final annual football game; superior - above average, better in quality; supersonic - faster than the speed of sound. or click here for instant support. In the fields below, you can specify a word root or some part of its meaning and our site's search engine will try to find matches for you. podiatrist - a doctor for the feet; podium - a small platform to stand on; tripod - a stand or frame with 3 legs. prognosis - a prediction of what will happen; prologue - a passage before the main part; prophet - a person who foretells the future. hemicycle - a semicircular structure; hemisphere - one half of the earth; hemistich - half a line of poetry. Then, in the search box, enter the English meaning of the root you want to find; herbicide - any chemical used to kill unwanted plants, etc. Root:The central (free) morpheme which has the content to which other bound morphemes are added so as to form a word. conjunction - a word that joins parts of sentences; disjunction - a disconnection; junction - a place where two things join. export - to carry goods out of a place to another; portable - able to be carried; porter - a person who carries luggage. parachute - protection from falling; parasol - an umbrella used to protect from the sun; paternal - relating to fathers; paternity - fatherhood; patriarch - a man who rules a group. liberate - to set free; libertine - a person with a free, wild lifestyle; liberty - freedom. However, if the base is a complete word that can stand alone, teachers may choose to (or through force of habit) refer to it as a base word. In the primary structure of the dicot stem, the outermost layer is the epidermis. Graphology - the study of handwritings; autograph - written with one's own hand; seismograph - a machine noting strength and duration of earthquakes. retroactive - relating to something in the past; retrogress - to go back to an earlier condition; retrospect - the remembering of past events. Since a morpheme is the smallest unit of language that contains meaning, we can’t divide or analyze the root morpheme any further. This model is the foundation of what I teach my students. conscience - sense of knowing right from wrong; conscious - knowing what is happening; omniscient - knowing everything. Let’s take a look. magnify - make larger; magnificent - grand; magnate - a powerful person, especially in business or industry. The part of the plant which is present above the surface of the soil is called Stems, while Roots is the part of the plant which is present below the soil surface. myocardium - the middle muscle of the heart; myasthenia - muscle fatigue or weakness; myosin - common protein in muscle tissue. physical - relating to the body; physician - a doctor; physique - nature and shape of one's body. If you do, be sure to check out Pattern Based Writing: Quick & Easy Essay on the homepage! If teachers are confused, their students will also be confused. equidistant - an equal distance from two points; equanimity - calm temperament, evenness of temper; equation - a statement of equality. maneuver - to move by hand; manual - done with the hands; manuscript - a book written by hand. object - to be against something; obscure - hard to understand; opposition - the act of resistance or action against. Pattern Based Writing: Quick & Easy Essay! antipathy - a feeling of great dislike; apathy - a lack of feeling or interest; empathy - ability to understand another's feelings. Base vs. Base Word: To keep things simple, teachers should probably strike the term “base word” from their vocabulary. You'll find that the roots listed below are from Greek or Latin and can't stand alone in English; they need something joined to them to make a whole word in English. Sometimes a base is a root (marked   Q Base/Root), and sometimes it is not a root (marked   Q Base). September - this used to be the seventh month in the Roman calendar; septet - a group of seven musicians; septuagenarian - a person in his/her seventies. I looked at a few current student textbooks from major publishers, and most of them don’t mention the terms base or base word. maximal - the best or greatest possible; maximize - to make as great as possible; maximum - the greatest amount. Popular Answers. 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